Applying value expectancy theory, or the theory of reasoned action or Research Paper

Applying esteem hope hypothesis, or the hypothesis of contemplated activity or arranged conduct, to a potential HIV avoidance program in Tanzania - Research Paper Example Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency (AIDS) together structure a sickness that has crushed many individuals internationally and has seen the beneficial individuals tumble to it (Whiteside 2008). Starting at 2007/08, the HIV predominance rate in Tanzania had tumbled to 5.7% with ladies having 6.6% while men had 4.6%. This was a tumble from 7.0% with 7.7% in the 6,000 ladies who were tried and 4.3% in men, 4,900 of whom were tried. This data was gotten to from the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2009. Because of this intercession, the ladies dressed in Tanzania are foreseen to upset in a few different ways. Most importantly, the ladies are relied upon to turn out to be increasingly emphatic in the family units undoubtedly. This deciphers ladies having the option to haggle for sex with their accomplices and basically increment the utilization of condoms. Simultaneously, the high hazard classification is anticipated to be educated on the advantages of utilizing condoms. They are relied upon to begin taking prudent steps, just as, instructing their kindred ladies on the equivalent. The high hazard bunch for this situation principally envelops business sex laborers. The benefit of surveying this social expectation is to permit the specialists update insufficient messages and furthermore permit the plan of increasingly viable and state-of-the-art rendition. As Fishbein (2000) has expressed, there is no compelling reason to plan new speculations of conduct change. The current ones are powerful when applied well. In such manner, as he has expressed, focusing on a particular conduct for change will successfully achieve the required change. In the event that the ladies can be very much educated regarding the dangers that they face through unprotected sex, they would then be able to improve. This figure shows the interrelationship of various factors in the forming of conduct. This model, upheld by Fishbein (2000), showed the way that conduct of ladies utilizing condoms will be

Ezekiel Essay example -- essays research papers

Ezekiel meaning the quality of God, is one of the four more prominent prophets in the Old Testament. Ezekiel was the child of a minister named Buzi. Very little is thought about Ezekiel’s youth; significantly more is know after the age of twenty-five. Ezekiel was abducted in the imprisonment of Jehoiachin, around eleven years before the pulverization of Jerusalem. He was one of the numerous individuals from a network of Jewish individuals who chose the banks of the Chebar, a stream of Babylon. Ezekiel started forecasting in 595 B.C, and completed the process of forecasting in 573 B.C. Ezekiel forecasted for a period that kept going around twenty-two years. Ezekiel was a hitched man however little else is thought about his family life, he likewise had a house in his place of outcast. His significant other kicked the bucket an abrupt passing during the attack of Jerusalem. He lived among the highest point of his partners in a state of banishment, and their older folks talked wit h him on all issues. Ezekiel lived in a period of worldwide emergency and struggle. Assyria was the force to be reckoned with in the region under the standard of Tiglath-pilesar III. In 724 B.C Israel seethed war upon Assyria, and Israel was no counterpart for Assyria. In 627 B.C the remainder of the capable Assyrian ruler, Ashurbanipal kicked the bucket. Directly after the demise of Ashurbanipal, Babylon under Nabopolassar needed autonomy from Assyria. In 612 B.C the Assyrians under Nineveh gave up to the rising Babylonians. In 605 B.C the Babylonians were at war against the Egyptians. The Babylonians won and they set up themselves as the main force in the territory. During the entirety of this Judea aligned with the Babylonians and with this Judea kept her autonomy. During the only remaining century before Judea was demolished it was administered by four rulers and of those rulers, everything except Josiah were devilish. Josiah was focused on God and drove Judea to him. All the others didn't notice the admonitions of Ezekiel and Jeremiah from God, and the leaders of Judea decided to oppose God. God rebuffed Judea by sending Nebuchadnezzar’s armed force to pulverize the country of Judea and smooth the city of Jerusalem. God showed up first to Ezekiel in a tempest cloud; God was situated on a seat encompassed by cherubim. He told Ezekiel to go to a â€Å"impudent kids and stiffhearted† and He gave Ezekiel a look to eat, demonstrating Ezekiel complete recognizable proof with God’s Word. After Ezekiel came back to the individuals in Tel-Abib, God addressed Ezekiel once more, advising Ezekiel to be a â€Å"watchma... ...all the individuals Ezekiel was abnormal however God didn't accepted, In God’s eyes, Ezekiel was honest, pardoning, faithful, and had continuance. He was reliable, persistence, unwavering, and lenient. Ezekiel was honest in all that he talked on the grounds that the entirety of his words were from God. Ezekiel was excusing and lenient of God when God chose to take Ezekiel’s spouse away to come to a meaningful conclusion. Ezekiel was dutiful as he obeyed God’s each and every order including not grieving when his significant other kicked the bucket. God gave Ezekiel bunches of perseverance since he prophetized for more than twenty-two years. With his perseverance, indicated he was consistently reliable and dedicated. God should have simply needed Ezekiel what to state or do, and Ezekiel would finish the undertaking without grievance. Ezekiel was exceptionally quiet despite the fact that God didn't permit him to represent seven and a half years and he consented t o that. Ezekiel’s passing is obscure, yet an antiquated Jewish custom expresses that Ezekiel was murdered by his own kin due to his proclaiming. Ezekiel’s body is accepted to be covered on the banks of the Euphrates, in the cutting edge city of Kifl, only south of the antiquated city Babylon. The tomb is said to have worked by Jehoiachin.

Get Your Kids Writing With These 30 Story Prompts

Get Your Kids Writing With These 30 Story Prompts When kids take on story prompts, their natural creativity can be awakened, allowing young writers to learn about the storytelling process through hands-on experience. Use these 30 story prompts to encourage the young writer in your life to develop his or her writing skills. You might even suggest that they change details in the prompts to make more personal and unique.Story prompts allow kids to develop their creativity and storytelling skills. Photo by Rachel on Unsplash.Youve been hiding a secret in your backyard fort that even your best friend doesnt know about but now that the rocket ship is ready, you need a co-pilot and have to fill her in on the details. She is convinced your parents will be upset if you both take off for a space mission but you promise her youll be to the moon and back in plenty of time for dinner thanks to the ultra-supersonic light speed chip youve added to the rockets thrusters.Ever since you were little, youve loved race cars, even though everyone at scho ol told you it wasnt a girl thing. This weekend, your Dad is taking you to the race track, where your wildest dreams come true: You get to ride in one of the cars with the winner for the victory lap and guess what? Its a woman!Your grandmother made you a magical blanket that takes you to far-away places from her childhood when you wrap yourself in it. You learn about your ancestors and how they traveled to where your family lives now.Your mother is in the military and you havent seen her for almost a year. On Christmas Eve, you make a wish and something magical happens!You find an old book in the attic that has strange and fascinating artwork in it. You realize that combined, the art is actually a map of the forest near your house, and it seems to be a treasure map. You decide to follow it and see where it leads.Youre convinced that the house right down the street from you is haunted. No one lives there but you see lights and shadows moving inside sometimes. You and your friends dec ide to check it out, but first, you suit up in your best ghost-fighting armor.The new kid at school is being bullied and youre not sure how to help him, until you learn that hes a genius at science. You come up with a plan to make sure hes never bullied at your school again.While playing in your back yard, you discover two giant eggs that turn out to be baby dragons. You hide them in your tree fort and bring them scraps after dinner, but theyre starting to get bigger and youll have to tell mom and dad soon.Your grandfather gives you an old relic he says has been in the family for generations and now its your turn. When you put it in your room, you discover the secretâ€"its actually a time traveling device and you can go to any year you want to travel to.While out shopping with your parents, you discover a dressing room that is actually a portal to another dimension.You and your friends are riding bikes through the neighborhood when you accidentally witness an alien spaceship landing . They chase you down to keep you from telling, but you know the shortcuts and they cant catch you.Your mom has limited your video game playing time, so youre bored and cant find anything exciting to do. You go to the back yard and climb a tree but once you get to the top, you see something no one would ever believe.Your family just moved into an old house. While exploring the attic, you find a small doorway that is far too small for a person to fit through but it looks like its been used recently. You find a key hidden near it and open the door to discover that something definitely not human lives on the other side.You find a little puppy on the side of the road, you want to take it home and care for it, but your parents hate pets and wont allow it. You try your best to keep the dog safe, but you later discover that the dog has secret powers and can fly.For the summer, your mom sends you to stay with your uncle you havent met. The town he lives in is very odd. Everyday you find a n ew magical creature or abnormal thing. But your uncle isnt the person you thought he would be.Your parents were normal at first, but you discover they were master criminals. You sneak out of bed at night to get water, you find a key that unlocks a hidden closet. What is in there really shocks you.You find a hidden room in your new house with a time machine. Your mother died right when you were born, so you want to see her. You go back several years, and find that your mother was a kind and nice person.You have a normal life with your family, until you find a mysterious picture of another family holding a baby. You ask your parents about it and they dont want to tell you. You try to find answers, so you meet an old woman that tells you who they are.You move to an old house that you think is haunted. You hear whispers of your name at night. But your parents dont believe you. One night, you get out of bed to find a ghost standing in the hallway.In your school, you meet a strange girl. She never goes outside at recess and always stays in the shadows. You are so curious that you try everything to help her move into sunlight. You get so curious that you push her into the light, she runs back into the shade, but you notice she didnt have a shadow. You investigate to figure out why.In the forest, you meet a strange creature, who can shapeshift into any animal. You try your best to keep it hidden from everyone.You love taking pictures of the woods and the animals in it. But one day you take a picture of a creature that whizzes by you. You look at the photo to see something thats not quite normal.You take a trip from your hometown to meet your cousins and your parents tell you that you are staying with them for the summer. Your parents have an emergency business trip to attend, which lasts all summer. At first, your cousins are mean to you, but you eventually learn to play together.You find out there is another planet that has all the same people but they act the opposi te of the other people. You meet your twin and she is mean and selfish. You try to teach her to be nice and kind, but she is incapable of doing it.Your crush moved next door to your house. You try to play it cool, but your parents notice and try to get you to stop being shy and talk to him/her.You have a reoccurring dream about you climbing a giant tree that leads to a cloud city. But one day you adventure in the woods and find the same tree. You climb it, and find that the cloud city is a real place.You are severely sick and your parents are trying to find a cure. Every doctor says you have a low chance of survival. You try hundreds of medicines, but none work. Each day you get worse. Your parents meet an elderly woman who gave you a strange potion. You wake up to find that you are cured and have wings.You are a spoiled child with wealthy parents. Suddenly, your parents business fails and they lose almost all their money but begin spending more time with you. You learn that wealth is more than just material things.Your parents are house builders and want you to be one when you grow up. But you dont want to build houses, you want to be an artist. But for some reason, your parents hate art and wont allow it. You are so bored of your boring, colorless house that while your parents were away, you painted the walls a pretty flower pattern. You show your friends and they love it and your parents are pleasantly surprised.You are the new kid in school, you try to make friends, but no one wants to be your friend. You meet a group of kids that are really mean to you. You think they are your friends but they start doing mean things to others. So, you have the option to stay with the group and fit in, or stand up to the bullies but you might get hurt.

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Operations Management/Enterprise Project Essays - 2315 Words

Course: Operations management Enterprise Project: Industrial Universal Pallet Manufacturing Industrial Universal Pallet Manufacturing Organizational Structure Organizational structure plays an important role in the development, and arrangement of tasks. This is because the structure of an organization is used to coordinate department, and tasks such as coordination, allocation, and supervision. These activities are geared towards the achievement of set goals and objectives of respective organizations. When designing the organizational structure, I took into consideration the goals and objectives of the company. I considered both the long term and the short-term goal. This enabled me design the above†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the service manager is responsible for general services offered to customers, retailers and stakeholders. Organizations are guided with the objectives, mission and goals set by management. Mission, objectives and goals of an organization is guideline that is used by management team to compel an organization to success. The following are the goals, mission and objectives of the organization. Mission To provide industries and manufacturing companies cost effective and durable pallets made from recycled scrap tires and Styrofoam. The pallets are strong, durable and reusable. They provide an alternative to wooden pallets and are a significant contribution to our environment by recycling tires and Styrofoam. It provides substantial cost savings for its users associated with replacing, repairing and discarding of wooden pallets due to hard to clean, their short durability and short life cycle. We promote environmentally friendly recycled products that are more durable, indestructible and less costly to buy and maintain. ïÆ'Ëœ To provide quality products in the market ïÆ'Ëœ To assist the industry in applications and innovations of technicalShow MoreRelatedManaging the Software Enterprise1295 Words   |  5 PagesMANAGING THE SOFTWARE ENTERPRISE 2 Managing the Software Enterprise Managing the Software Enterprise Introduction Risk management in any enterprise is a key strategy to reduce any uncertainties that threaten the company. Several strategies could be laid, focusing on the Software enterprises that could help curb the problem of any uncertainties and in turn increase the efficiency of the enterprises. 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Welding Guide on Unitor Free Essays

SAFETY IN WELDING A Safe Journey with UNITOR Norwegian Training Center – Manila A SAFE JOURNEY WITH UNITOR Welding and Flame Cutting elsewhere than in workshop should be the subject of a â€Å"HOT WORK PERMIT† A Safe Journey with UNITOR 2 Norwegian Training Center – Manila Production welding is done under optimum conditions. The appropriate equipment is provided for and the specification are set. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 3 Norwegian Training Center – Manila Maintenance and repair welding onboard involves a host of unknowns. We will write a custom essay sample on Welding Guide on Unitor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Problems relate to chemical composition of the base metals, weldability, pre and post heat, choice of electrode, and the handicaps of field welding. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 4 Norwegian Training Center – Manila PROTECT THE EYES Never expose bare eyes to the glare and rays from the ARC! This will cause arc-eye (very painful) and damage to the ayes. Use filter glass of correct grade. Amperage Below 20 A 20 – 40 A 40 – 80 A 80 – 175 A 175 – 300 A 300 – 500 A A Safe Journey with UNITOR Grade 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 Norwegian Training Center – Manila A Safe Journey with UNITOR 6 Norwegian Training Center – Manila Train the crew to do the repair welding work themselves instead of subcontracting it away. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 7 Norwegian Training Center – Manila What about your welding technique? Could you need a bit of time at the welding school? A Safe Journey with UNITOR 8 Norwegian Training Center – Manila Both welding cable and return cable should be stretched to the welding site Remember that if you connect the return cable in the ships structure you are actually standing on the return current A Safe Journey with UNITOR 9 Norwegian Training Center – Manila Place the return clamp as near to where the welding takes place as possible. If you don’t, the return current might travel through ball bearings and other critical machine parts and destroy them. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 10 Norwegian Training Center – Manila If you are a smoker remember that disposable plastic cigarette lighters kept in pockets may cost you your life on a welding job. Should a spark fall into your pocket the lighter may explode, resulting in extensive, even fatal burns. Always leave your lighter behind when you shall weld. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 11 Norwegian Training Center – Manila Prevent sparks dropping down hatchways or hold ventilators. Keep fire extinguishers ready. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 12 Norwegian Training Center – Manila Before hot work is begun, check that there are no combustible solids, liquids or gases, at below or adjacent to welding area. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 13 Norwegian Training Center – Manila Remember that protective clothing is not only meant to protect you from burns spatter and arc radiation but also serves as an insulator so you don’t become part of the electric circuit A Safe Journey with UNITOR 14 Norwegian Training Center – Manila Hoses and cables should be kept clear of passage ways. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 15 Norwegian Training Center – Manila To work with worn or damaged welding cables is extremely dangerous. Inspect the condition of the cables regularly. Worn cables should be replaced, not â€Å"Repaired† with insulation tape. If the damage is local the damaged part should be cut away and the cable joined with a cable connector. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 16 Norwegian Training Center – Manila Be sure you never get any electric shock when using electric equipment. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 17 Norwegian Training Center – Manila DO NOT lean directly on to the structure if the return current runs through it, but make sure to insulate yourself using either a RUBBER MAT or WOOD. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 18 Norwegian Training Center – Manila In no circumstances should a welder work while standing in water. Water and electricity do not mix. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 19 Norwegian Training Center – Manila DO NOT weld on drums or tanks before they are cleaned and made absolutely gas free. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 20 Norwegian Training Center – Manila Poisonous gas might develop during welding caused by elements in the base materials or due to paints and metal coatings on the surface. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 21 Norwegian Training Center – Manila HAVE ELECTRODES BEEN PROPERLY STORED? If electrodes are left in the open air they start to attract moisture. When the electrode is used the moisture in the coating goes over as Hydrogen Porosity in the weld. This will in time develop into Hydrogen Cracking. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 22 Norwegian Training Center – Manila WHY IS IT THAT THE WELD I DID ONE WEEK AGO HAVE CRACKED. A Safe Journey with UNITOR 23 How to cite Welding Guide on Unitor, Papers

Senior Citizen Interview free essay sample

A face to face interview was held with Mr. C. Mr. C. is an 82 year old African American male. Physically looking at interviewee he does not look that age at all he looks like he is in his early sixties. Part I: Questions amp; Answers Q-How old are you? A-I am 82 years old. Q-When will you be 83? A-I will be 83 in mid-July Q-Are you married? A-I am a widow and have been for almost 53 years. Q-Do you have children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren? A-Yes I do. I had three children, eight grandchildren, and nine great grandchildren. Q-Do you live alone? A-No I do not, my youngest son lives with me. Q-Tell me a little about your background? A-I was born in the south and raised in the north by an aunt. Both of my parents died when they were fairly young. My mother at 56 and my father at 42. They were both ill the reason for their passing’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Senior Citizen Interview or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I graduated high school at age 17. I am a retired restaurant worker for 21 years now. Q-What are no most memorable experiences that you have had? A-The most memorable experiences that I have had are a few good ones. My marriage is one, the birth of my children and grandchildren, and buying my own home. Q-What are the most significant life’s events for you? A-The death of my wife the mother of my three children, the death of my oldest son, my parents, and the death of my domestic partner was another significant stressful event for me. Q-If you had the opportunity to change anything would you and what would that be? A-Of course I would change the passing of my family members besides that it would be the type of job that I choose and when. I would have choose one that gave me better financial security and job happiness. Part II: Senior Citizen Developmental History There is a saying that says â€Å"once a child twice a man†. There a many stages in the development of the human lifespan. In middle and late adulthood people tend to look at things in quite a different prospective as they reflect back on the journey of life. This paper and reflective interview will address the many developmental histories of a senior citizen. Mr. C. is an 82 year old African American who lives along with his adult son. Mr. C. is a widow whom had fathered three children one of which is deceased. Mr. C is the oldest of five children whom are all males. He was born in Virginia and raised in New York since he was age 13 with his aunt. He has been living in New York since then. He was educated in New York’s city public school system where he graduated high school at the age of 17. Married at age 27 and widowed at age 30. Mr. C. ’s father died at age 42 making Mr. C 15 years of age and at the passing of his mother he was 36 years old his mother was 56. Mr. C. never remarried he really never got over the death of his wife and children’s mother. Mr. C. lost his oldest son when the son was 27 years old. Mr. C. was in a domestic partnership many years after the death of his wife. After multiple years in the domestic partnership yet again he was faced with another death, the death of her. Chronologically Mr. C is 82 and is an imperfect indicator of his functional age. Mr. C looks like he is in his sixties. People age biologically at different rates Mr. C. eems younger than he really is (Sutin, Wethington, et al. , 2010). Mr. C was so gracious to disclose his medical status with me. He is a survivor of prostate cancer, his cancer has been in remission on and off for 12 years. He suffers from congestive heart failure which he developed a few years ago. Not an indication of heart disease at all genetics and environment play a big role in the aging process and disease (Beck, 2010). During the duration of the interview when speaking about the deaths of his family members Mr. C. ecame a little emotional and seem to drift back into time a moment of reminiscence is what I think he was doing, trying to relive those moments in time. I asked him how he felt about their deaths. He responded by saying that he came to terms with it and that he was powerless over what had happened and that everyone has an appointment with God and his faith is what sustains him to carry on every day. According to ((Sutin, Wethington, et al. , 2010) the events that individuals define as stressful and how they cope with these events change across the lifespan (  Aldwin, Sutton, et al. , 1996). Starting in late adolescence, the ability to reconstrue negative experiences as positive develops, but it is not until young adulthood that this experienced wisdom is translated into a touchstone for coping with future situations (  Bluck amp; Gluck, 2004). The most surprisingly response in the interview process was the interviewee’s ability to remain powerless and come to terms about death. He spoke about what he wanted his son and daughter to do when the time came when he passed on in this life, He accepts death and knows that it is inevitable that it cannot be avoided no matter who you are. He keeps his faith in God to help deal with the end of life situations. Religious affiliations and psychological aids are helpful in handling depression and may improve the quality of life of aging individuals (Butler, Fujii, et al. , 2011). The birth of his children and grandchildren played a major part in the interviewee’s life. While interviewing he always said family first. I gathered the impression that he is a very family orientated person. In the bedrooms, living room, and hallway of the interviewee’s apartment is pictures of all family members, recent and the throw backs that is what the younger generation calls old pictures. A different demeanor hovers over the interviewee when he shows me family pictures and speaks about his family. I sense it brings him back to his more youthful days, days where he was the ruler of full independence. I asked Mr. C. did he belong to any senior citizens centers and his reply was no and he further elaborated for me. He wanted to be around younger people not people his age that constantly reminded him of what reality was indeed about but to feel vivacious for if only a moment when youth was on his side. He stated that is why he loved for his daughter to bring her youngest grandchild over. He loved the sound of the baby especially when he heard it cry it reminded him of youthfulness and independence. Aging is inevitable; becoming wiser with age is not. Researchers, theorists, and clinicians have noted that older adults approach their lives in one of two ways: Either they draw on their strengths and live life to the fullest, or they magnify their weaknesses and restrict their lives to succumb to lifes inevitable end  (Gilbin, 2011). From listening to stories about when Mr. C. as much younger and able to take full control of his independence that making the transition from young adult and middle adult to the latter being late adulthood was the hardest to come to terms with and except fully. Hot cocoa was made for me and coffee was made for him by none other but Mr. C. I offered but that was not an option he insisted upon doing so. He maneuvered around his home with no assistance from anyone and when I attempted to do so he refused. I see that he is like a person with a special need and you opt to do it or help they respond by simply saying they can do it. He spoke about being able to do chores around his home that he no longer could do, his failing eye sight and the need for a therapeutic bed, he has difficulty getting up from lying flat. No longer being able to reach items that are on his top shelf in the kitchen cabinets was a hindrance at one time Mr. C. uses ingenious items to help around his home with activities of daily living. Self-efficacy allows one to develop and carry out a plan of action, allowing for a sense of competency (Butler, Fujii, et al. , 2011). His cognitive skills are on point and sharp and he held on to the conversation that he and I shared foe quite some time for a senior citizen his age. The second premise of successful aging is maximizing high physical and cognitive functioning, with these two factors partnering to optimize overall functioning. Physical function is maintained with moderate exercise and a network of support from family and friends. Cognitive function can be sustained with mental exercises and active engagement through conversation (Butler, Fujii, et al. , 2011). The most valuable information that I received from this interview  is to make sure that I take care of myself health wise, choose a career that I get satisfaction from, and live life like it is golden. Do what I want to do like life is a bucket list. At the end when life is almost near the end you hold no regrets.

Response to the Resume an Example of the Topic Resume writing by

Response to the Resume Ms. Celina Newcomb 267 Stage Trail Road Bismarck, ND 58507 Need essay sample on "Response to the Resume" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Dear Ms. Newcomb: Thank you for submitting your application to our organization. According to your resume, you have the necessary qualifications for the position of Investigator I. According to our standard procedures, you are required to take the state qualifying examination. Qualified applicants with the top five score will be invited to a structured interview to be scheduled at a later date. You will be notified of an interview appointment if you are in the top five applicants. Your examination time has been scheduled for Monday, April 12, at 2:30 P.M., at the Cleveland Learning Center, which is in the Winter View Mall. Your examination will last about an hour. The Cleveland Learning Center will provide all testing materials. Please call Ellen Kirkpatrick at 701-555-3614 to confirm your examination appointment. If the appointment is not confirmed by Friday, April 9, it will be canceled. Failure to take the examination as scheduled will remove your name from consideration. Thank you for you interest in our organization. Sincerely, William Wright Human Resource Manager Learn more: Writing a research paperAn Unforgettable TranscriptWriting in the Workplace Reference Dante John Nomellini; Central Delta Water Agency. 'Resume' Stockton, Calif. : Central Delta Water Agency, 2006

Shorewood Soups Issues

Shorewood Soups Issues Abstract The report identifies and analyses the problem facing Shorewood Soups as it seeks to increase revenues from $100 million to $200 million, following a business-to-consumer strategy. It analyses the opportunities available and the threats facing the company. The report also offers a marketing mix strategy that includes the promotion of a refrigerated fresh soup product with gluten-free attributes.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Shorewood Soups Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper then supports the recommendations with the resource-based view theory analysis. The following case study discussions assume that the business environment affecting Shorewood Soups remained the same as explained in the case study. It also assumes that there will be interdepartmental support for the project at the time of execution. Problem Question The company needs a consumer-packaged goods strategy that will allow it to increase its revenues significantly. The current strategy has supported the growth of the business by only concentrating on the Business-to-Business (B2B) approaches using the bulk foodservice and buck retain option. While maintaining this option for the current business revenues, the company must also find room for Business to Consumer (B2C) options as a way of filling the $100-million-dollar revenue gap that it envisaged to earn in the next five years. The business must find a way to introduce a packaged or packaged products to the market with its gluten-free brand, ensuring that it maintains current efficiency levels of the business and shore up profit margins to ensure that the five-year target for the overall growth of the business remains achievable. It implies that the marketing and sales team has to do a good job to ensure that the first and second-year performances of the business are supportive of a trend towards the achievement of the main objective. This requiremen t highlights several factors that help to explain the problem that the company is facing. First, the company has almost exhausted its ability to improve the revenues for the current businesses. There is no structure and operating model that will take on the new retail branch of the business (De Assunà §o 2008). The sales team and the marketing team have been successful at doing another type of business, and there is uncertainty whether the success will replicate to the proposed move of Shorewood Soups (Anselmsson Johansson 2007).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the minor problems that the company has include lack of brand personality, lack of existing structure to support the proposed CPG segment, and the development of an appropriate strategy that will support the new growth plan without introducing irrevocable problems for the existing business frame work and success of Shorewood Soups. As the company moves resources from its other operations and acquires new resources, it must be able to sustain growth momentum in the environment rather than pause and wait for the peak of revenue for the five-year point mark when the final evaluation would be due. Analysis of environment of Shorewood Soups According to the Porters five forces for competitive advantage, there are five critical forces that a business must look at when it is analysing its external environment. In Shorewood Soups case, the entry into the CPG market makes it a new entrant. Based on this understanding, its biggest concern is threats of substitutes, threats of other new entrants, threats of the existing rivalry within the market segment, and the bargaining power relations with buyers and suppliers. The table below helps to perform the analysis for Shorewood Soups. Table 1: Porters Five Forces Analysis for Shorewood Soups’ new business plan Force Effect Bar gaining power of buyers Buyers are not organized in the consumer packaged goods segment. Therefore, they have limited power Bargaining power of sellers The company makes its soup, but suppliers are not organized for other operations requirements; they are many. Therefore, there is no major power held Threat of new entrants New entrants pose a big threat because they will be eyeing the same market segment. However, no notable new entrants have been identified. Threat of existing rivalry The existing rivalry is very high; this threat will remain high Threat of substitutes There are no notable substitutes of soup. There are also limited options for gluten-free products. Based on the analysis summarized in the table above, the external environment for Shorewood Soups is supporting the business’ new foray into the CPG market. Nevertheless, the threats and opportunities available are critical for influencing the successful strategy that the company has in place (Forlani, Mullins Walker 2002). The analysis only considers the new business segment. Notably, there is a projected double increase in the refrigerated fresh soup market segment, which accounts for less than 3% of all retail soup sales. New entrants may be eyeing the market (Gulati Oldroyd 2005). In the consumer retail segment, the threshold for new entry continues to decrease. A 3% market share with projected 50% growth will appear lucrative.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Shorewood Soups Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another important factor for this indication is that it is a consumer trend, rather than a producer trend; the demand is increasing. Another significant demand trend has been on ready-to-serve broth, whose demand has doubled from 2004 to 2009 to make it constitute 12% of all retail soup sales. These two market segments are the most lucrative based on Shorewood Soups’ strategy, and that is why they form the biggest environmental variables for the company (Hansen, McDonald Mitchell 2013). The next section explains how these and associated factors influence the opportunities and threats to the company. Main marketing opportunities/threats A SWOT analysis framework will be useful in reviewing the marketing opportunities and threats facing Shorewood Soups, The SWOT analysis is a marketing theory that helps marketers to form a final objective of their project (Hauser, Tellis Griffin 2006). It highlights the strengths and weaknesses of a business, which also show its internal environment. It compares them to the opportunities and threats of the business, which make its external environment. The SWOT relies on the right questions being asked, and that is why it is often case specific. In this paper, the SWOT analysis is used to find out the external environment conditions for Shorewood Soups, concerning its intention to launch CPGs (Herbet-Maccaro Ottley 2012). Table 2: SWOT analysis for Shorewood Soup Strengths Good product awareness/ brand reputation (30%) Gluten-free branding A strong marketing team Weaknesses No internal structures for serving CPG market segment Untested marketing strategy proposals Opportunities Refrigerated fresh soup segment ready to serve broth Convenient packaging to adapt to trends in increased convenience + healthy options Gluten-free branding for CPG Threats Market entry and an increase in product segmentation by dominant players (increased rivalry) such as Campbell As the SWOT analysis has shown above, there are significant opportunities and threats affecting the prospects of Shorewood Soups. First, the company has to consider launching its new consumer packaged goods product in the two categories earlier highlighted as the most lucrative (Williams, Kannan Azarm 2011; Åžeref, Carrillo Yenipazarli 2015). They are growing segments of the market, driven by demand. Major segments of Shorewood Soups Discussion on types of research of the segments that would be needed to develop a marketing strategyAdvertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company has to consider the level of patience that the consumers have with a new product. This will affect their willingness to try out the new product and stay loyal throughout its testing process in the market. It must also research to find out whether the targeted consumers are replacement buyers, or they are first time buyers. Other factors to consider in this case include the effect on product reputation that the new product quality and pricing will have on the companys overall market and its specific market segments. The intention here is to achieve a comfortable level of certainty that allows the management to go ahead with the plan without risking jeopardizing its operations and any of the factors that are highlighted as areas for further research (Pedram Balachander 2015). Once the company goes ahead with its announcement of a new product for the consumer market, it will be signalling a change of strategy to consumers and its employees. The company may consider the int eraction of the product and its target groups of consumers. It might go ahead with preannouncement to confirm these expectations and have them influence the major product and distribution, as well as marketing decisions. Besides, it will seek to estimate the right packaging look and size for its most popular product in the segment. It implies that first, there must be a decision made concerning the number of different brands to launch, and whether those brands will have a specific name or tag that associates or disassociates them with the rest of the companys products (Su Rao 2010). Another issue worth looking at is the generational differences among consumers. Based on the preliminary strategy information presented in the case, the company will be targeting people who are in their late twenties and early thirties for its gluten-free consumer brand. Also, it might have to look at whether there are similarities and differences that are worth noting within the targeted years because they influence the effectiveness of a particular direct marketing strategy that it embraces. So far, the company is considering the use of consumer advertising, point-of-sale and merchandising materials, public relations and partnerships, website enhancements, demos, tastings and events, grassroots promotion, direct mail campaign, and social media. It must use the options according to their cost implication and their ability to achieve the expected sales outcomes (Yannopoulos, Auh Menguc 2012). While considering its financial position and projections as a factor for evaluating choices, the company needs to also research on the short-term or long-term nature of the respective marketing strategies (Van Tonder Mulder 2015). Lastly, the company needs research on resources that allow it to specialize and achieve competencies that ensure its products are superior to the companies across different consumer scales. Consumer tastes and preferences will need to be established alongside the information presented in reviewing the competency of the firm (Hansen, McDonald Mitchell 2013). SMART objectives of the organization The concept of SMART objectives uses the mnemonic acronym to imply that objectives need to be specific, measurable, assignable/actionable, realistic, and time-related. The objective of Shorewood Soups is to increase its revenue from $100 million to $200 million in five years from the year 2009 to the year 2014 (Ke, Shen Li 2013). In addition, the objective will be realized through strategies implemented by the marketing division of the company. The division has been allocated funds for the project, and it will report to the executive on its progress on the project. The achievement of the objectives will be measured by the attainment of revenue growth, which conforms to a projection on reaching the target when the specified period ends (Herpen, Nierop Sloot 2012). The objective has to be realistic for it to conform to the SMART criteria. In this case , the company has allocated funds and allowed the marketing division to bring new staff and resources to help (Jonas Roosen 2008). In addition, this division is the most spirited in the organization and its leadership will not change during the implementation phase of the project. Based on these facts, the projected increase in earnings is realistic. Besides, the product’s ingredients will affect the typical selling package for a consumer packaged goods segment for soups, as there is a substantial public health concern for gluten intolerance. Finally, the market share that Shorewood Soups takes out of the $5 billion allergen-free foods market value of 2008 can also measure the achievement of the goals. Explanation of proposed marketing mix strategy There are four factors worth breaking down in covering the marketing mix. They collectively form the marketing strategies. According to the 7Ps of marketing theory, which extends the 4Ps of marketing, a firm has to look at people, processes and physical evidence factors, in addition to product, place, price, and promotion (Liao, Chen Tseng 2009). The proposed product is a refrigerated fresh soup brand by Shorewood Soups. It will be distributed in supermarkets and other conventional stores that target shoppers seeking healthy alternatives to their food (Ke, Shen Li 2013). The product will be priced within the range of competing products that have a quality attribute, with the price difference being within the range of $1. The promotion strategy will be multifaceted. It will include five direct marketing options that will be influenced by the reception that the marketing team has with focus groups on its main consumer segments. These segments are the ones that have a substantial population of people seeking gluten-free substitutes as their food (Kulmala, Mesiranta Tuominen 2013). The people in charge of the new products will be the marketing team structured to influence operations at the company level and e fforts of marketing in the field. Kevin O’Leary will head the team that is in charge of the new marketing strategy. He will coordinate efforts with operations and other divisions of the company to ensure that all aspects of the strategy are well funded and supported. He will manage conflicts among staffs in the implementation team (Lingelbach, Patino Pitta 2012; Lowe Alpert 2010). The processes involved in marketing will include announcements, product design, and promotion of the product during launch and after launch, collaboration with retailers and setting up of competitive strategies for ensuring that the product is visible and dominant in the target consumer groups (Lowe Alpert 2010). The products vary in the quality and functionality in comparison to the existing market conditions. These features will be the physical conditions for the product, including its gluten-free ingredients. In addition, the promotional strategies used will include aspects of tasting and merc handising to ensure that consumers are interacting with the physical product (Van Den Bulte 2000; Ngobo 2011). Justification of proposed marketing mix strategy for Shorewood Soups in overcoming the identified problem According to the above marketing mix strategy, there are several elements that will be considered for it to succeed. The case study provides information showing the relevance of the proposed options when used as part of the marketing mix (Tatikonda Montoya-Weiss 2001). First, the most lucrative products are ready-to-serve broth and refrigerated fresh soup. In the first case, the biggest company in the market, Campbell, is serving the segment. It uses an established brand name based on its licensing agreement with Wolfgang Puck Worldwide Inc. (Herbet-Maccaro Ottley 2012). This leaves the best option as the fresh refrigerated soup, given that the other options considered in the case are including non-desirable ingredients and, therefore, are less healthy. They are also less lucrative concerning market growth, given the existing market rivalry in the industry (Tan Cadeaux 2012). The best strategy is one that includes a product that is in a rapidly growing market. That way, new entrants like Shorewood Soups can capture their share of the market without having to displace the incumbents. The pricing was arrived at from the consideration that consumers would be sensitive to price. They would welcome a healthy alternative, but only when it is within their grocery shopping allowances. In this regard, it would be able to compete from a price point of view, as well as a quality and functionality aspect. The place for sale conforms to the popular way of distributing consumer-packaged goods. The case study notes that there are consumers looking for convenient and healthy alternatives (Herbet-Maccaro Ottley 2012). Such consumers will shop at healthy food stores and food segments in supermarkets. The rival products are also sold at these places (Panigrahi, Ede, Calcich 2003). The options presented for promotion are also valid because the â€Å"gluten-free† brand is a growing niche product. It has loyal consumer groups that can serve as brand ambassadors and help the company to achieve its objective and still have lower promotion costs. Thus, targeting the groups in a direct manner in social media and testing exhibitions at supermarkets will be excellent strategies (Luo 2010; Olson et al. 2001). Evidence and theory to show the proposed strategy will work This paper used various theories of marketing to analyse the opportunities and threats of the business, as well as the elements of the marketing mix. According to the resource-based view theory of competitiveness, a firm can only compete in the long-term when it manages to sustain competitive capabilities that fulfil the value, rarity, inimitable, and non-substitutable elements. An understanding of the theory’s VRIN framework helps to analyse the proposed strategy critic ally. The proposed product is valuable and will, therefore, elicit demand from consumers. The marketing team behind the product is well experienced in doing things the hard way. The company culture is valuable to Shorewood Soups at the time of launching the new product (Herbet-Maccaro Ottley 2012). The rareness in the strategy proposed also helps it to contribute to the competitive capabilities of the firm. The proposal is to use new forms of marketing in combination with existing forms, such as giving out free samples. These resources are also available in the competition, but they cannot be ignored. Otherwise, the strategy would not work. In addition, there is the gluten-free brand that the company will be using. This branding will help to grow the brands personality of the Shorewood product (Swink Song 2007). Competing firms may opt to introduce new gluten-free products, but they will not have the same advantage as Shorewood Soups. The company makes its soup and has great contr ol over the quality (Su Rao 2010; Othman Rahman 2014). It can promise consumers the best quality that its competitors will not match easily. The actual product comes in a refrigerated form, which is an acceptable way of storing fresh produce (Schà ¶n 2010). The product feature will help the company to sustain its other operations strategies, such as making bulk deliveries to retailers as though they were its clients (Teimoury Fathi 2013). The new marketing mix will fit into the existing structure well to create a unique blend that is non-substitutable in the short run. Companies seeking to copy the strategy must first achieve the other attributes of competition enjoyed by Shorewood, which will take them several years (Reffelt, Schmitt Meye 2013; Åžeref, Carrillo Yenipazarli 2015). Discussion of implications envisaged for the implementation of the proposed strategy The companys marketing division will adopt a new structure when implementing the strategy. There will be a need for an independent team that has access to other departments and works according to the objectives of the project. The team will have less stringent rules to allow it to experiment with various options within the objectives and project deliverable parameters (Amini Li 2015). As the team interacts with the project features, it will gain more knowledge about the task and be able to make informed decisions. The decision-making elements and tradition of the firm will need to change to accommodate this new approach (Calantone, Drà ¶ge Vickery 2002). Overall, the company will be making new processes and using change implantation strategies for its internal operations, in addition to the marketing strategies that have been explored in this report (Reffelt, Schmitt Meye 2013). Reference List Amini, M Li, H 2015, The impact of dual-market on supply chain configuration for new products, International Journal of Production Research, vol 53, no. 18, pp. 5669-5684. Anselmsson, J Johansson, U 2007, Corporate social responsibility and the positioning of grocery brands; An exploratory study of retailer and manufacturer brands at point of purchase, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, vol 35, no. 10, pp. 835-856. Calantone, R, Drà ¶ge, C Vickery, S 2002, Investigating the manufacturing–marketing interface in new product development: does context affect the strength of relationships?, Journal of Operations Management, vol 20, no. 3, pp. 273-287. 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Herbet-Maccaro, KA Ottley, G 2012, Shorewood Soups: To B2C or Not to B2C, Babson College. Herpen, E, Nierop, E Sloot, L 2012, The relationship between in-store marketing and observed sales for organic versus fair trade products, Marketing Letters, vol 23, no. 1, pp. 293-308. Jonas, A Roosen, J 2008, Demand for milk labels in Germany: organic milk, conventional brands, and retail labels, Agribusiness, vol 24, no. 2, pp. 192-206. Ke, TT, Shen, ZM Li, S 2013, How inventory cost influences introduction timing of product line extensions, Production and Operations Management, vol 22, no. 5, pp. 1214-1231. Kulmala, M, Mesiranta, N Tuominen, P 2013, Organic and amplified eWOM in consumer fashion blogs, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, vol 17, no. 1, pp. 20-37. Liao, S-H, Chen, Y-N Tseng, Y-Y 2009, Mining demand chain knowledge of life insurance market for new product-development, Expert Systems With Applications, vol 36, no. 5, pp. 9422-9437. Lingelbach, D, Patino, A Pitta, DA 2012, The emergence of marketing in Millennial new ventures, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol 29, no. 2, pp. 136-145. Lowe, B Alpert, F 2010, Pricing strategy and the formation and evolution of reference price perceptions in new product categories, Psychology and Marketing, vol 27, no. 9, pp. 846-873. Luo, X 2010, Product competitiveness and beating analyst earnings target, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol 38, no. 3, pp. 253-264. Ngobo, PV 2011, What drives household choice of organic products in grocery stores?, Journal o f Retailing, vol 87, no. 1, pp. 90-100. Olson, EM, Walker, OC, Ruekerf, RW Bonnerd, JM 2001, Patterns of cooperation during new product development among marketing, operations and RD: Implications for project performance, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol 18, no. 4, pp. 258-271. Othman, C Rahman, MS 2014, Investigation of the relationship of brand personality, subjective norm and perceived control on consumers purchase intention of organic fast food, Modern Applied Science, vol 8, no. 3, pp. 92-106. Panigrahi, B, Ede, FO Calcich, S 2003, A comparison of test marketing practices of large and small consumer goods manufacturing firms, Management Research News, vol 26, no. 6, pp. 1-20. Pedram, M Balachander, S 2015, Increasing quality sequence: When is it an optimal product introduction strategy?, Management Science, vol 61, no. 10, pp. 2487-2494. Reffelt, U, Schmitt, B Meye, A 2013, Marketing function and form: How functionalist and experimential architectures affect b rand personality, International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol 30, no. 3, pp. 201-210. Schà ¶n, C 2010, On the product line selection problem under attraction choice models on consumer behavior, European Journal of Operational Research, vol 206, no. 1, pp. 260-264. 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Compare multiple stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compare multiple stories - Essay Example To begin with, the story Romeo and Juliet was a literary masterpiece which detailed the power of love in the society. The overriding theme and line of thought was the fact that the love that Romeo and Juliet shares was so strong that any other thing in their life did not matter. As much as there is rejection and strong opposition due to the family differences between Romeo and Juliet, the story reiterates that it is the power of love which concurs all. In principle, this story highlights and brings to the front the aspect and issue of the strength of the affection and love that two people share. Comparatively, the story Othello by the same author brings to the gore the issues of the power of love and how rejection or family and social status could be a barrier. It articulates the principle that in the human society, there are things that rarely change such as a person from a wealthy or influential family is expected to just interact and marry from the same class. For instance, Othello courts and dare Desdemona, who was the daughter of Brabantio who was an influential leader in the country. Othello on the hand was just a military commander in the army and by extension he was a worker or servant in of the family of Desdemona. Later on, the other people try to interfere in their love by scheming and putting stain in the relationship or the love affair of Othello and Desdemona. They include Iago and Roderigo who also confirms to have romantic feelings for Desdemona. As the play proceeds, they hatch a plan to instill jealousy and fury in the approaches of Othello through manipul ations and betrayals. At the tail end, the love intrigues and pain bring to the light good reasons to make Othello to kill himself. Comparatively, these two stories all end with tragedies which are occasioned by the hard feelings of sour love and betrayals.

Genetically Modified Organisms Research Proposal

Genetically Modified Organisms - Research Proposal Example However, the main argument against consumption of genetically modified organisms is that they might have dome harmful effects to their consumers. The data that will be used in this research will be collected using a number of data collection methods. The method that will be the most used is literature review. There are sufficient information from literature materials such as books, journals, blogs that can give more insight on the advantages and limitations of genetically modified organisms (Munhall and Chenail 167). There will also be a study on the statistics on the health difference of people who consume more genetically modified organism and those who consume more. Genetic engineering and health official will also be interviewed with the aim of getting their views on the advantages and limitations of genetically modified organisms (Denscombe 97). With the data that will be collected through the above mentioned methods, the researchers will carry out analysis through techniques such as filtering, retrieving value, computation, and sorting to come up with a clear conclusion on the total number of viable advantages and disadvantages that genetically modified organisms have (Ogden and Goldberg 175). With the result the researchers will be able to give a conclusion stating their thoughts on whether or not genetically modified organisms should be

What makes an effective teacher?

What makes an effective teacher? David Camerons Conservative Party recently stated that the Tories will be brazenly elitist about candidates entering the teaching profession as they believe that qualifications make a good teacher. [REF]. However, research shows that a teachers personal characteristics and teaching styles can also be attributed to effective teaching. In 1992, Professor Caroline Gipps, Vice-Chancellor at the University of Wolverhampton and leading expert in educational assessment and learning, published What We Know About effective Primary Teaching. The document suggests that a successful primary teacher: Focuses on the whole class rather than individuals Teaches the whole class while offering help to individuals, or co-operative work where children help each other Teach one subject at a time Praise children as much as possible Have high expectations Encourage challenging talk rather than quiet busy work Use a variety of teaching styles Allow children some independence and be democratic rather than autocratic about work and discipline Matches work to a childs ability Effective teaching is a subject that is repeatedly researched and studied. More recent research shows that good teachers demonstrate a number of characteristics, but there are certain characteristics that underlie the effectiveness of teachers such as empathy and a willingness to work hard. Some people are described as being born to teach, but the personal and moral characteristics needed to be an effective teacher can be developed through practice, watching other effective teachers and learning from their technique. A study carried out by Santrock [2001] identified the main characteristics of effective teachers: CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE TEACHERS Characteristic Total % 1. Has a sense of humour 79 2. Makes the class interesting 73 3. Has knowledge of their subject 70 4. Explains things clearly 66 5. Spends time to help students 65 6. Are fair to their students 61 7. Treats students like adults 54 8. Relates well to students 54 9. Are considerate of students feelings 51 10. Dont show favouritism towards students 46 Santrock, J. (2001) An Introduction to Educational Psychology, London: McGraw Hill, (p.10) Although subject knowledge is ranked third, the study overall shows that personal characteristics are key to effective teaching rather than qualifications. Classroom management is also an important factor as an average school week only provides 25 hours of teaching time with students. An effective teacher organises their students, time, environment and resources in a way that maximises learning opportunities. Effective teachers also motivate and encourage their students to work hard. Through regular assessment and looking closely as what a student is learning and what has been learnt, lessons can be planned accordingly. Teachers need to cater for the skills, abilities and interests of each student by matching work to the needs of the individual. This avoids giving tasks that are impossible to complete and to avoid giving tasks so easy that students learn nothing. Pedagogy: shared working atmosphere; awareness of the needs of each pupil; purposeful well organised classroom; celebration of successes. Need to know the needs of individuals and groups as well as how children learn. Most teachers teach facts, good teachers teach ideas, great teachers teach how to think. (Jonathon Pool). Teachers have to be facilitators: they cannot do the learning for the student. (Carl Rogers). A teacher who likes to explore a subject by using lots of activities can achieve the same success as one who prefers one activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ There is one aspect of personality that no teacher can do without: a willingness to learn and to reflect on teaching. (The Effective Teacher, p.10). Failing teachers often lack self awareness and do not quite know what they are doing or if what they are doing is right or wrong. They are defensive about their teaching methods and cannot take criticism, however constructive it is. [Ref] Define learning 250 Learning can be defined as The process of accumulation and change that marks our growing sense of knowledge. (p.14 The Effective Teacher). Different factors can affect learning and these include the child, the family, society, economy and social structure. Brofenbrenner looked at how children grow up and how that affects the learning process, then linked all of these factors together into his Ecological Systems Theory [1979]. His theory suggests that a childs development is influenced by the social contexts in which they live, with the three main contexts being a childs family, peers and school. The parent and child are placed at the centre of learning. 2. 1.Who the child spends most of their time with is identified and what positive and negative factors that has. 3. The general external factors that influence the learning environment are looked at. Constructivist approach to learning Recall; ability to remember information Understand the information Use or apply knowledge in new situations Break down and interpret information Putting things together; developing new ideas Assess effectiveness of whole concepts; critical thinkingBlooms Taxonomy is a classification of the levels of learning. The cognitive process identifies 6 levels of thought. Based on this theory, the learner has to reach one level before moving on to the next. When used correctly, Blooms Taxonomy can accelerate learning and elevate student interest and achievement, especially for slower learners. [Sousa, D. 2001] How the brain learns What makes an effective learner? 500 Understanding and thinking about how a person learns can enhance motivation and increase achievement. [REF ] A persons learning style is the way he or she concentrates on, processes, internalises and remembers new and difficult academic information or skills. Styles often vary with age, achievement level, culture, global versus analytic processing preference, and gender. [Shaughnessy, 1998]. It is often looked at in terms of a learners preference for visual, auditory and kinaesthetic ways of working. [Burton, 2007]. Encourages a learner to think about how he or she learns. Novice learner: Do not evaluate their comprehension Do not examine their comprehension Do not examine the quality of their work Do not make connections Expert learner: What is the relationship between teaching and learning? 500 Consider which is more important. Actual learning or actual teaching? Support argument with literature and wider reading. 500 There have been many arguments as to which side of the teaching and learning processes are more important. Child centred education the teacher gives the child opportunities to learn. Teacher centred stand and present what they know. Teacher centred education is a traditional approach to teaching where the teacher presents facts to the student by direct instruction. The teacher is at the centre and in charge. Student centred education is a more modern approach where the learner is at the centre of learning and the teacher acts as a facilitator, guiding the student and giving opportunities to learn. Bennett, 1976 Clinical Reasoning Case Study: Knee Osteoarthritis Clinical Reasoning Case Study: Knee Osteoarthritis Abstract Clinical reasoning is the thinking process that escorts clinical practice, it is a multifaceted skill. The aim of this report is to use clinical reasoning to comment on a case of medial compartment one-sided knee osteoarthritis. Using clinical reasoning, an outline of management and manual therapy are designed. Introduction Mendez and Neufeld (2003) defined clinical reasoning as a cognitive process aiming to understand the implications of patient data. It also aims to recognize and diagnose present concrete or latent patient problems, to make clinical well-judged choices to help in problem solving, and to result in encouraging patient outcomes. Factors affecting the outcomes of clinical reasoning can be internal factors linked to health professionals (knowledge, acquaintance with a particular case and their reasoning skills). Patient factors need skills to transfer facts, and explanation of disease condition and treatment alternatives. External factors include health institution potentials, profession-specific structure of treatment, and intricacy of the case (Mendez and Neufeld, 2003). Edwards and others (2004) suggested the following practices of clinical reasoning for a physiotherapist. Diagnostic reasoning, developing a diagnosis based on disability and its impact considering accompanying pain, pathological changes, and contributing factors to the disease. Descriptive reasoning is to understand the patients description and experiences about the disease. Procedural reasoning involves treatment decision making, while communication collaborative reasoning involves setting up a patient-therapist relationship and setting goals for treatment based on interpretation of investigations results. Predictive reasoning is foreseeing the treatment results, and ethical reasoning which needs understanding of the ethical questions about the conduct and goals of treatment. Possible causes and processes of the patients recent complaint: Based on the patients occupation, and history, knee Joint injury herald osteoarthritis in individuals who are in their 30s or 40s, osteoarthritis becomes obvious nearly in every other subject with a previous history of knee injury. A proper interpretation of the existing data infers that at 10 years after suffering an injury to the knee, an average of one third of patients display joint space narrowing on x-ray examination. Twenty years post injury, about half the individuals with history of injury shows similar changes (Roos, 2005). Arthroscopic procedures may cause postoperative knee pain and swelling enough to delay rehabilitative physiotherapy. This should not persist more than two weeks otherwise the patient will be at risk of complications mainly prolonged knee stiffness. (Reuben and Sklar, 2000). Many believe that changes in the knee joint in osteoarthritis reproduce the collective effects of mechanical stress rather than senile degeneration alone. Therefore, it is an occupational disease (Radin, 2004). Patients occupation activities are aggravating factors to develop knee osteoarthritis (Loomis, 2008). Based on the patients symptoms and physical examination findings, the patient may have had a cruciate ligament rupture or added meniscal injury. Because of negative ligament tests, tenderness over medial TFJ joint line, no tenderness of patella tendon, quads tendon, hams tendons insertions, MCL attachments or LCL attachments, and data suggesting positive McMurray manoeuvre. Besides the presence of mild effusion, it is most likely the patient suffers a meniscal injury (Dascola, 2005). Roos (2005) provided a model for the processes responsible for pain and development of osteoarthritis. He assumed the disease needs, being mechanically determined, increased or altered joint load as a precondition to its development. Therefore, joint injury, occupation and aging lead to development and progression of osteoarthritis in one of two possible pathways. First, deconditioning of the musculoskeletal, increased joint loads occur with pain and progression of osteoarthritis. Alternatively, joint instability, misalignment and defective proprioception result joint related changes leading to increased joint loads with pain and disease progression. The patients irritability: At this point, the patient anxiety is because of worsening of pain and movement limitation and worry that he will not be able to continue working or doing everyday activities without significant discomfort. Jinks and others (2007) suggested that a therapist should look at the first onset of joint pain as sign to try preventing future disability. Reasoned identification of need for caution and need for adjustments: Three cardinal patients findings call for caution and adjustment of assessment as they may need change in the plan of manual therapy. These are persistent pain for four months, reduced right knee extension in standing with slight varus deformity. Besides pain limiting knee movement in active and passive flexion and extension with pain and stiffness limiting lateral rotation and stiffness without pain limiting medial rotation. Plain radiography was done following Ottawa knee rules (Jackson and others, 2003) and showed the same findings as the one done two years earlier. The use of MRI in addition provides better prediction of the need for added treatment. Indication of MRI, in this case, is to evaluate pain as it persisted for more than 3-6 weeks (Oel and others 2005). In case MRI is not available, or not covered by insurance, knee ultrasonography can be helpful to assess knee effusion, integrity of tendon and MCL injuries and to rule out minimally displaced patellar cracks (Lin and o thers, 2000). Arthroscopy can be diagnostic and therapeutic for meniscal or ligaments injuries, removal of loose pieces of cartilage or bone. Besides intra-articular steroid injection can be given to manage pain, viscous supplementation, and arthroscopic debridement and washout can ease the mechanical symptoms (Gidwani and Fairbank, 2004). Factors that may be contributing to the patients presenting problems: The slowly developing knee swelling is matching with meniscal injury however, the therapist must consider associated mild ligament sprain. The absence of locking is against meniscal injury, but the giving way points to possible ligament injury or patellar sublaxation. The presence of anterior crepitus may point to ligament injury or patellar problems, however, the active and passive limited range of movement suggest an intra-articular problem (Smith, 2004). This calls to consider the possibility of having combined lesions on top of osteoarthritis. Three more points need communication with the patient, adjusting occupational activities (Loomis, 2008), return to swimming sport practice or perform water exercise being a low knee load exercise (Grainger and Cicuttini, 2004). Also, tell the patient with the potential side effects of NSAID and advice to use topical preparations with safer analgesics as paracetamol (Derbyshire County NHS, 2008). Developing a working hypothesis: According to the patients current situation, expectations, worries and good general health, and knowing the case is most likely to be knee medial compartment osteoarthritis the objectives of manual therapy should be (Technical Committee Physiotherapy Profession, 2003): Minimize pain Decrease disability and enhance functional ability, muscle strength, joint flexibility. Patient education to encourage better work activities, and regain interest in swimming sport. When to start manual treatment and what is the plane: Manual therapy portrays the physical therapist applying passive movements aiming to enhance joint motion and minimize stiffness. It includes passive range of movements, and muscle stretching techniques (Fitzgerald and Oatis, 2004).As this particular case needs a multidisciplinary approach that may involve surgery, manual therapy should start once the process of diagnosis and possible surgical interference finish. It may start in conjunction with pain relief physical therapies as thermotherapy, cryotherapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The general rules of static stretching range of motion manual therapy are (Technical Committee Physiotherapy Profession, 2003): Twice weekly when pain and stiffness are least in 20-30 minutes sessions (Hoeksma and others, 2005). Better to be preceded by warm compresses. To be performed slowly and the range of motion extended to the limit of least subjective pain and resistance. Advice the patient to breath slowly during passive exercise. Hold the terminal stretch for 10-30 seconds. Passive exercises are continuously adjusted according to pain and the duration of holding the static position. Measuring the outcome: The Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) test is a self-report specific measure to assess pain and physical function. Validity of the test was investigated in many studies and showed high levels of consistency and test-retest reliability consistent with clinical practice (Stratford and Kennedy, 2004). The 6-minutes walk test is primarily endurance test originally developed to measure exercise capacity in cardiac and pulmonary patients. Test-retest reliability and responsiveness index (measures improvement after therapy) have been examined and found highly reliable (King and others, 2000). Patients perform these tests at baseline, on the 5th week, and later every 12 weeks of therapy (Hoeksma and others, 2005). Prognosis and expected improvement rate: Jinks and others (2007) stated the outcomes of osteoarthritis are poor quality of life, limited daily activities and disability. However, we know little about the primary influence of joint pain on disability in the older population; also we know little about if such influence is reversible if the pain improves. According to their results, Jinks and others (2007) inferred that decreased physical functions among knee osteoarthritis patients with pain shows how important this symptom is as a possible launching cause to decline of physical activities. Even those whose pain improves are occasionally able to regain their experienced levels of physical activities. The Ottawa Panel (2005) advised the combination of manual therapy and therapeutic exercises especially muscle strengthening exercises to achieve better improvement of pain and function in patients with osteoarthritis knee. Conclusion Clinical reasoning is on of the methods of applying evidence based practice in physiotherapy. A case of medial compartment right knee osteoarthritis presented with pain after minor exercise is subjected to clinical reasoning critical thinking. The case turned to be a multidisciplinary case that needs further investigation and possibly orthopaedic surgeon interference before manual physiotherapy begins. Using clinical reasoning skills and principles, the patients history and clinical findings were analysed, designing principles of a plane of manual therapy, measuring the outcome, and foreseeing prognosis and improvement rate were explained. References Dascola J S, 2005. Injury-related causes of acute knee pain. JAAPA, 18(7), 34-40. Derbyshire County NHS Primary Care Trust, Medicine Management Update, February 2008. Reviewing Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Prescribing-an update on current issues [Online]. No 3. Available from: http://www.derbyshirecountypct.nhs.uk/content/files/key%20messages/NSAID%20UPDATE%20Feb%2008.pdf, [cited 11/07/2008] Edwards I, Jones MA, Carr J, et al, 2004. Clinical reasoning strategies in physical therapy. Physical Therapy, (84), 312-335. Fitzgerald G K and Oatis C, 2004. Role of physical therapy in management of knee osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol, (16), 143-147. Gidwani, S and Fairbank, A. 2004. Clinical review: The orthopaedic approach to managing osteoarthritis of the knee. BMJ 329: 1220-1224. Grainger R and Cicuttini F, 2004. Medical management of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip joints. MJA, (180), 232-236. Hoeksma H, Dekker J, Ronday H at al, 2005. Manual therapy is more efficient than exercise therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip. Arthritis Care and Research, (51), 722-729. Jackson J L, OMalley, P G and Kroenke, K, 2003. Evaluation of Acute Knee Pain in Primary Care. Ann Intern Med, (139), 575-588. Jinks C, Jordan K and Croft, P, 2007. Osteoarthritis as a public health problem: the impact of developing knee pain on physical function in adults living in the community: (KNEST 3). Rheumatology, (46), 877-881. King M B, Judge J O, Whipple R and Wolfson L, 2000. Reliability and Responsiveness of Two Physical Performance Measure Examined in the Context of a Functional Training Intervention. Phys Ther, (80), 8-16. Lin, J, Fessell, D P, Jacobson, J A et al, 2000. An Illustrated Tutorial of Musculoskeletal Sonography: Part 3, Lower Extremity. AJR, (175), 1313-1321. Loomis D, 2008. Work in brief: Combining new tools with training may enhance ergonomic interventions. Occup. Environ Med., (65), 1. Mendez L and Neufeld J, 2003. Clinical Reasoning: What is it and why should I care? Ottawa, ON, Canada: CAOT Publications ACE. Oel, E H G, Nikken, J J, Ginal A Z, et al, 2005. Acute Knee Trauma: Value of a Short Dedicated Extremity MR Imaging Examination for prediction of Subsequent Treatment. Radiology, (234), 125-133. Ottawa Panel, 2005. Ottawa Panel Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Therapeutic Exercises and Manual Therapy in the Management of Osteoarthritis. Phys Ther, (85), 907-971. Radin E L., 2004. Who Gets Osteoarthritis and Why? The Journal of Rheumatology, (31)), (Supplement 70), 10-15. Reuben S S and Sklar J, 2000. Pain Management in Patients Who Undergo Outpatient Arthroscopic Surgery of the Knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am, (82), 1754-1765. Roos E M, 2005. Joint Injury Causes Knee Osteoarthritis in Young Adults. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 17(2), 195-200. Smith, C.C, 2004. Evaluating the Painful Knee: A Hands-on Approach to Acute Ligamentous and Mechanical Injuries. Adv Stud Med, (4(7)), 362-370. Stratford P W and Kennedy D M, 2004. Does parallel item content on WOMACs Pain and Function Subscales limit its ability to detect change in functional status. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, (5), 17-25. Technical Committee Physiotherapy Profession, 2003. Physiotherapy Care Protocol-OA Knee [Online]. Available from: http://www.mpa.net.my, Malaysian Physiotherapy Association.

Han China vs. Imperial Rome

Han China vs. Imperial Rome After a brief brush of decentralization and the experience of inclusive centralization, China evolved into its most extensive and influential period: Han China. Imperial Rome used the more traditional Republic methods to also grow to be one of the most influential and powerful empires of the classical world. While China differed with Rome on the roots of change and therefore their approach to governing, the want to expand and centralize government could only be achieved through similar paths of trade and domination.Han China chose the middle path between the two diverse methods of government and pursued the policies of administrative centralization and imperial expansion. In contrast, Imperial Rome centralized political and military power which coincided with the preservation of traditional republican offices and form of government. The Han government believed that the network of political alliances in the Zhou Dynasty caused chaos between states, but the tightly woven Qin dynasty diminished the reason for imperial family members the sustain the empire.Han China was preferably divided into administrative districts that were governed by officials. These officials reached the emperor’s expectations, but allowed his authority over them while the bureaucrats implied his policies. Although, original forms of governing were adjusted in both places; the military responded directly to the emperor or ruler to avoid the problems caused by generals commanding personal armies. Imperial Rome progressed, from a previous dictatorship, by fashioning a centralized political government and unifying military power.Imperial Rome, in comparison to Han china, handled governmental functions with more concern. The Roman Emperor accrued copious amounts of power for himself and took complete responsibility during these times. Both Imperial governments expanded their empire while maintaining an imperial government. As well as, incorporated conquered cit izens into their empire’s culture and society; Rome conquered distant lands and integrated them into the Roman Empire, and Han China dominated nearby countries such as Vietnam and Korea and orbited them into the society of the Han.Both imperial governments knew that with the expansion of their empire would come with the benefits of new trade routes. When Roman soldiers charged into less occupied areas, such as Spain, Germany and Britain, they brought with them the ideas of developing local economies and states. A problem occurred with the expansion of the Han Dynasty though, due to high taxes poor harvests and burdens of debt many landowners were forced the sell their land and often enough themselves.As smaller farmers began to fall, large estates grew and social tensions were stressed, creating more problems as well as a higher chance of social immobility in the Han society. Even though Han China was developing expansion and centralization as a new frontier for the Chinese d ynasties, while Rome was just centralizing military and political power based on traditional republican values, both empires had to progress in the same fashion. Once the broad goals have an effective path, the empires can diverge to become unique and more specialized in political power.

Nature of Industrial Buying: Industrial Marketing

URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente West, Urdaneta City 2428 Pangasinan, Philippines Telefax No. (075) 568-7612 Website: www. ucu. edu. com BY: IAN JOSEPH ROBISO MARC TON ALEXIS PEREZ MARITA LABIANO KENT NOEL JAVIER ILENE GONZALES BEVERLY ROSARIO RICHARD SUMERA LOVELY SORIA BSBA-III Major in MARKETING MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED TO: MR. LADI GEORGE L. GASCON INSTRUCTOR Nature of Industrial Buying: Industrial Marketing Buy Phase in Industrial Buying * Buying is an organizational decision making process There are 8 Phases in Buying Decision Process * In Industrial market the buying decision making process observable sequential stages, understanding these phase helps developing appropriate selling strategy The Buying Decision of organization is influence by environmental factors, organizational factors, interpersonal factors and personal factors: * Personal – e. g. Age, Education, Income, Personality, Risk Attitude, Culture * Inter-Per sonal – e. g. Interest, Authority, Status, Empathy, Persuasiveness * Organization – e. g.Objective, Policies, Procedures, Organization Systems and Structure * Environment – e. g. Level of Demand, Economic Viewpoint, Technology Change, Political Development, Social Responsibility 8 Phases in Industrial Buying * Identify the problem – industrial marketers identify problems in buying organization and suggest how problem is? * General need Description – once the problem is recognized next is to resolve the problem. For technical products, the technical. * Product Specification – developed a precise statement of the product or service, selecting right suppliers recommend. Suppliers Research – search of potential suppliers from vertical hubs, functional hubs, direct extra link to major suppliers ,trade * Analyze Suppliers Proposal – once the qualified suppliers decided, the buying organization obtains the request for proposals. * Sup pliers Selection – Evaluation of proposals of competing suppliers and select suppliers * Selection of Order And Routine – placing orders w/ selected suppliers, frequency of the order placement, levels of inventory follows. Performance Review – performance feedback of the suppliers take place and post purchase evaluation Organizational Purchase Situation * New Task – a Situation that the company is buying the item for the first time. The buying organization will typically have had little experience with the product or service. The risk involved is more, decisions may take longer time and top management is involved. * Modified Re- Buy – This situation occurs when the organization is not satisfied with the performance of the existing suppliers.Search information about alternative source of supply. The change I supplier is likely to include several representatives, including mid level management and evaluative criteria are analyzed. * Straight Re-Buy à ¢â‚¬â€œ Buying products or services continuously and purchases that are made in the past. Repeat orders with the supplier. The reordering process may be completely automated or done routinely by clerical personnel. Purchases are often handled under a contract and price or consistently the dominant evaluative criteria. Participants in the Business Buying ProcessParticipants in the organizational buying process play as  many as seven different roles, namely those of  initiator,  influencer, approver, user, decider, buyer and  gatekeeper * Initiators – Recognize a problem or a need. The Initiator can be any individual in buying firm. * Influencers – Individuals influence the buying decision. Technical people such as quality control engineers, design engineers have considerable influence on purchase decision. * Deciders – The actual buying decisions are made by the deciders. They are one or more individuals involved in the buying decision.Senior executives m ay become deciders. * Buyers – Buyers obtain quotations from suppliers, evaluate, negotiate, process purchase, orders, advance delivers and implement purchase policies. * Users – Users  also  play a  role  of  initiators Individuals who use products or services Define specifications of  needed products * Approvers – Approver  endorse and agree to the purchase  and  also play a  role of  deciders * Gatekeeper – Gatekeepers control the flow of  information regarding products and services and control the buying center Assistants or  junior person  of  purchase managersKey Members of Buying Center * Top Management Executives * Managing Director, Presidents, Vice President or  General managers * Approve purchase, decide guidelines and purchase policy * Technical People * Technical people are design  engineers, production, quality control,  R&  D  managers * Specify products, technical evaluation, feedback on product supp lied, negotiate with suppliers * Purchase/Material Department Senior executives, junior levels,  purchaser officers or assistants * Coordinate with technical people, top  management, accounts as well the suppliers or vendors * Accounts/Finance for finalizing the  financial approvals, mode of  payment  and  insurance  of bank  guarantees * Marketing * Are the influencers in the buying process Summary * The industrial marketing need to understand the purchasing objectives and purchasing activities of the industrial buyers. The industrial buyers are influenced by both purchasing objective of the firm and personal objectives. The industrial buyers are influenced by many factors, the major factors like environmental factors, organizational factors, interpersonal factors and personal factors. * There are 3 common types of buying situations including new task, modified re-buy and straight re-buy. * There are 8 phases of buying decision making process include Initiator, Infl uencer, Approver, User, Decider, Buyer and Gatekeeper. The industrial markets should identify the key members of buying centre in each buying decision.

The Halves That Were Not Equal - 1168 Words

Colton Padgett Mr. Steen, Ms. Cucinelli 5/ 55 B March 18th, 2015 The Two Halves That Were Not Equal After Nazi Germany’s fall in the civil war, Germany was split into two parts separated by the Berlin Wall. The soviets had control of the east and the allied powers controlled the west.The division of Germany was not beneficial to both the allied west and the soviet east because the soviet east was under the rule of a socialist government and their citizens had no rights. The Division of Germany caused Germany to divide into a east and west side, the east was under the Soviet government rule. As a consequence of the†¦show more content†¦The FRG saw the GDR as a soviet puppet state. A puppet state is defined as: a state that is allegedly independent but is in fact dependant on an outside power.(The Free Dictionary) Therefore, to the FRG, the DGR was illegitimate, and the FRG did not concern themselves with the GDR. In 1963, President John F. Kennedy was speaking in West Germany and in his speech he said â€Å"Let them come to Berlin†. Insisting on people co ming to the democratic city of berlin in the FRG.(â€Å"Modern germany†) The German Democratic Republic tried to claim by the German Reichts that they were a legitimate state. GDR claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany. They claimed they were the democratically re-organized continuation of the 1871-1946 German Reicht.(Germany after World War II.) However, this claim was false, yes they had elections, but they were not free and fair by any means. East Germany’s elections only had one candidate who was usually screened by the government.(Coleman). So sure, the citizens could vote, but they only had one choice. In West Germany, elections were all fair by way of Democracy.(Coleman) Citizens in West Germany had multiple candidates to vote for and these candidates were not screened by the government unlike